
This is a female Eriophora ravilla, a member of the orbweaver family (Araneidae). There is no official common name, but some people call it the "tropical orbweaver." The skull-like white marking on your specimen has also given rise to the name "death's head spider."
Coloration is highly variable in this species. Not all of them have skulls (but the ones that do are female). See BugGuide for some examples.
These nocturnal spiders spin wide orb webs. (During the day, they hide near the edge of the web, often in rolled up leaves.)
These spiders are not aggressive or dangerously venomous, in case that was a concern.
Helpful Links: ID Guide ¦ ID Resources ¦ Species Guides ¦ FAQ ¦ Spider Bites ¦ Glossary
"There is no shame in not knowing. The problem arises when irrational thought and attendant behavior fill the vacuum left by ignorance." --Neil deGrasse Tyson

Ungoliant, you amaze me with your ability to call an ID and your familiarity with particulars. I tip my hat!
ACB
Teaching a child not to step on a spider is as valuable to the child as it is to the spider. ~ Bradley Millar (adapted)
Helpful Links: ID Guide ¦ ID Resources ¦ Species Guides ¦ FAQ ¦ Spider Bites ¦ Glossary
"There is no shame in not knowing. The problem arises when irrational thought and attendant behavior fill the vacuum left by ignorance." --Neil deGrasse Tyson